Author: Wagoner MD, Anterior Segment/External Disease Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Journal: Surv Ophthalmol 1997 Jan-Feb;41(4):275-313
Abstract: Chemical injuries of the eye may produce extensive damage to the ocular surface epithelium, cornea, and anterior segment, resulting in permanent unilateral or bilateral visual impairment. Pathophysiological events which may influence the final visual prognosis and which are amenable to therapeutic modulation include 1) ocular surface injury, repair, and differentiation, 2) corneal stromal matrix injury, repair and/or ulceration, and 3) corneal and stromal inflammation. Immediately following chemical injury, it is important to estimate and clinically grade the severity of limbal stem cell injury (by assessing the degree of limbal, conjunctival, and scleral ischemia and necrosis) and intraocular penetration of the noxious agent (by assessing clarity of the corneal stroma and anterior segment abnormalities). Immediate therapy is directed toward prompt irrigation and removal of any remaining reservoir of chemical contact with the eye. Initial medical therapy is directed promoting re-epithelialization and transdifferentiation of the ocular surface, augmenting corneal repair by supporting keratocyte collagen production and minimizing ulceration related to collagenase activity, and controlling inflammation. Early surgical therapy if indicated, is directed toward removal of necrotic corneal epithelium and conjunctiva, prompt re- establishment of an adequate limbal vascularity, and re-establishment of limbal stem cell population early in the clinical course, if sufficient evidence exists of complete limbal stem cell loss. Re-establishment of limbal stem cells by limbal autograft or allograft transplantation, or by transfer in conjunction with large diameter penetrating keratoplasty, may facilitate development of an intact, phenotypically correct corneal epithelium. Limbal stem cell transplantation may prevent the development of fibrovascular pannus or sterile corneal corneal ulceration, simplify visual rehabilitation, and improve the visual prognosis. Advances in ocular surface transplantation techniques which allow late attempts at visual rehabilitation of a scarred and vascularized cornea include limbal stem cell transplantation for incomplete transdifferentiation and persistent corneal epithelia.
While beginning to wear contact lenses, I had an experience which the use of the Morgan Lens saved the day.
I was just finishing a sixteen-hour shift as manager and staff nurse of the ED when I was notified that they had received a bomb threat. Disaster situation were part of my duties, so I went into action. By 4:00 AM, I realized I still had my contacts in. So I got a container and soaked them in an eye solution from our eye tray. I arrived home with enough time to take a quick nap before returning to work for another sixteen-hour shift. When I put my contacts in, I felt like someone had placed a hot poker into my eyes. I took the contacts out, but my eyes continued to burn and were also fire engine red. I did report to work at 7:00 AM but my eyes continued to burn. I then decided the best thing I could do was to irrigate, so I placed a Morgan lens into both eyes and irrigated with 1000 cc of lactated Ringer's. Laying down during the irrigation process was relaxing and I felt no discomfort while my eyes were irrigated. After the process, the burning was relieved and I was able to complete my shift without further discomfort.
Registered Nurse (South Carolina)
MorTan Inc.
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The Morgan Lens is used in 90% of hospital emergency departments in the USA and can be inserted in less than 20 seconds. There simply is no other "hands-free" method of eye irrigation. Nothing else frees medical personnel to treat other injuries or to transport the patient while irrigation is underway. Nothing is more effective at treating ocular chemical, thermal, and actinic burns or removing non-embedded foreign bodies, even when the patient's eyes are closed tightly. Its design makes it simple and straightforward to use so minimal training is required.